Ready to learn more about immunity and probiotics? Your gut does a lot more than just digest your dinner. Your digestive tract is also home to most of your body’s immune defenses: roughly 70% of your immune system exists in and along your digestive tract. Even the gut itself is an important part of your immune function: it acts as a barrier wall to keep invaders out of your bloodstream¹. So keeping the gut healthy goes a long way in ensuring a healthy immune system.

Gut microbiome bacteria and your immune system

The trillions of bacteria living in your gut microbiome are constantly interacting with your digestive and immune systems^1,2. Gut bacteria are an important factor in how our immune systems develop from birth; research tells us that animals without gut microbiome have a very different immune response than ones with a normal gut environment^1,3.

How can something so tiny have such a huge impact? It’s because in order to survive in the body, our gut bacteria have developed sophisticated ways of communicating with their world. Gut bacteria are able to protect the health of the gut by fighting off bad bacteria, which they do by competing for space and resources, in addition to making substances like bacteriocins that kill off harmful bugs². As part of their normal metabolism, some intestinal microbiota creates metabolites such as short chain fatty acids that can decrease damaging inflammation, alter production of immune cells or strengthen the immune defense barrier^1,2,5. If gut bacteria can do all this, can a probiotic do the same?

How do probiotics work?

What are probiotics? Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, often part of the natural human gut microbiome, that have the power to influence our health2. Probiotic bacteria can be found in small amounts in fermented probiotic foods, such as yogurt, sauerkraut and kombucha. You can also find higher doses (typically in the billions of live cells) in probiotic supplement form.

Research has found that certain probiotics can influence the health of the human gut and immune systems, acting much like our own resident good bacteria do^2,3. For example, Bio-K+'s line of probiotic capsules have been shown to effectively fight off the bacteria that contribute to antibiotic-associated diarrhea, as well as C. difficile-associateddiarrhea⁴. Research has also shown potential for probiotics to have a positive impact on the immune function, whether by creating a stronger gut barrier, increasing beneficial immune cells or even decreasing risk of cold and seasonal flu^2,3,5.

How to choose an effective, science-based probiotics for gut health

While the science of probiotics is promising, this does not mean that all probiotics for gut health will be effective. There is a big gulf between what is happening in the research and what you find on store shelves. Many products on the market do not conduct any clinical research, meaning that you can’t be sure that what you are buying is effective. What’s more, because probiotics are living organisms, each probiotic strain – or combination of strains – may have different potential effects. You can’t take the research on one probiotic and apply it to another.

It can make choosing a probiotic supplement feel a bit overwhelming – but it doesn’t have to be. Instead, tools like the Clinical Guide to Probiotics (www.probioticchart.ca) help take the guesswork out of choosing a probiotic. The guide outlines which probiotics have evidence to support their use, and which uses they are best suited for.

Our gut bacteria play an important role in our digestive health and immune wellness. While there is much more to learn about how probiotics influence our health, there is great potential for digestive probiotics to become an integral part of our self-care habits so always be sure to talk to your doctor, pharmacist or dietitian about whether probiotics are right for you.

Sources:

1. Interaction between the gut microbiome and mucosal immune system - PMC (nih.gov)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5408367/
2. https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/496426
3. Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases - PMC (nih.gov)
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20145608/
5. hProbiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections - Zhao, Y - 2022 | Cochrane Library